🌐 Networking Basics (LAN, IP, Router, Switch) – Step-by-Step🟩 Module A – Lesson-3

🎯 Lesson Goal

• kisi bhi jgha pura LAN/Wi-Fi Network khud design krna
• IP, Router, Switch ko real-world me configure krna
• 80% network problems khud solve krna

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🔹 Part-1: Networking Fundamentals

🔌 LAN Kya hai?

• ek hu jgha (Office/School/Shop) ke computers ka network

🌍 WAN kya hai?

• Internet / ISP network

🧠 Devices samjho

Device	Work
Router	Internet Batna
Switch	LAN devices Jorna
Modem	ISP se connection
Access Point	Wi-Fi Dena

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🔹 Part-2: IP Address (sbse jurri)

IPv4 Structure

👉 192.168.1.10

• Network: 192.168.1
• Device: 10

Private IP Ranges

• 192.168.x.x
• 10.x.x.x
• 172.16 – 31.x.x

📌 Rule:

ek network me 2 devices ka IP same nhi hona chahiye

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🔹 Part-3: Basic Network Commands (Daily Use)

Windows

ipconfig
ping 8.8.8.8
tracert google.com

Linux

ip a
ping google.com
nmcli device status

🔹 Part-4: Practical Lab-1 (घर पर जरूर करो)

🧪 Lab Setup

• 1 Router
• 1 Switch
• 2 PC / Laptop
• LAN cables

🔧 Steps

1. Router ON karo
2. Router → Switch connect
3. Switch → PCs connect
4. PCs ko DHCP se IP milega

Test

ping 192.168.1.1
ping google.com

✅ Internet arha hai = Network OK

🔹 Part-5: Router Configuration (Real Client Scenario)

Router Login

• Browser → 192.168.1.1
• Username/Password → admin/admin (या router के पीछे लिखा)

Must Settings

• Change admin password
• Set Wi-Fi SSID (Name)
• WPA2/WPA3 security
• DHCP enable

📌 Client Tip:

Wi-Fi password हमेशा strong रखो

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🔹 Part-6: Static IP Setup (Office/Printer/CCTV के लिए)

Windows

1. Network settings
2. IPv4 → Manual
3. Example:

IP: 192.168.1.50
Subnet: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
DNS: 8.8.8.8

Use Case

• Printer
• NVR / DVR
• Server

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🔹 Part-7: Common Network Problems (Field Reality)

❌ Internet nhi arha hai

Check order

1. Router WAN light
2. IP mila ya nhi
3. DNS issue
4. ISP down?

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❌ Connected but No Internet

• DNS change → 8.8.8.8
• Router reboot
• WAN settings check

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❌ Slow Network

• Too many users
• Old router
• Channel interference

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🔹 Part-8: School / Office Network Design (Very Important)

Example: 20 Computer Lab

• 1 Main Router
• 1 24-port Switch
• 2 Access Point
• Separate IP range

📌 Pro Tip:

CCTV + Computer network अलग VLAN/IP में रखो

🧪 Practical Assignment (Must Do)

✅ Task-1:

• 2 laptops LAN se connect krke ping test

✅ Task-2:

• Router login krke Wi-Fi name/password change

✅ Task-3:

• 1 PC me static IP set kro

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📋 Lesson-3 Pass Checklist

✔ IP smajh me aa gya
✔ Router configure kar kiya
✔ Ping test successful
✔ Static IP set kiya

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🧠 Technician Confidence Line

“Network issue 70% config se hota hai, hardware se nhi”